Oilfield scale formation and chemical removal: A review ...
2018-12-1 · The calcium carbonate scale deposition can take place through a combination of calcium and bicarbonate ions. The deposition of CaCO 3 scale increases with increasing temperature, the pH, and lowering the pressure (Hamid et al., 2016; Ramstad et al., 2005). Other than calcium carbonate, iron carbonate scales have also been reported in the ...